Skip to content

Protein Electrophoresis (Serum/Plasma) with Zone Separation

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, helping identify abnormalities in protein distribution that may signal conditions like kidney disease, liver problems, or certain cancers.

Quick summary

["Protein electrophoresis helps diagnose and monitor conditions affecting blood protein balance."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
97149-9
Short code
proPSA isoform 2 SerPl IA-mCnc
Synonyms
proPSA isoform 2 SerPl IA-mCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
0
Ref high
4
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
84153
SNOMED
39392002
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct zones based on size and electrical charge. Key proteins include albumin, globulins (such as alpha, beta, and gamma globulins), and other smaller molecules. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, cirrhosis, or chronic kidney disease.

Why Is This Test Done?

Your doctor may order this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or changes in kidney/liver function. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress for conditions affecting protein levels.

Sample Preparation and Testing Process

A blood sample is drawn, and the serum/plasma is separated. The sample is then applied to a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate into distinct bands. Results are analyzed to compare protein distribution to normal patterns.

Common Conditions Affecting Results

Abnormal electrophoresis results may point to conditions like multiple myeloma (overproduction of abnormal proteins), liver disease (altered albumin/globulin ratios), or kidney disease (protein loss in urine). Some conditions may show broad bands or shifts in protein zones.

Reference range

Normal: <4.0 ng/mLN/A

Specimen: serum

No special preparation required. For PSA, avoid sexual activity for 24-48 hours before the test.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a ‘zone separation’ result mean?
Zone separation refers to the distinct bands of proteins seen on the electrophoresis gel. Each band represents a group of proteins with similar electrical charges. If bands appear unusual (e.g., extra bands, missing bands, or broad smears), it may signal an underlying health issue that requires further testing.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your doctor will discuss the findings with you during your follow-up visit.
Can I eat or drink anything before this test?
No special diet is required. However, inform your doctor about any medications or supplements you’re taking, as they may affect protein levels.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy