24-Hour Urinary Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio (Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio, Protein:Creatinine Ratio)

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms like frequent urination, swelling in your legs or ankles, or unexplained weight changes. It’s also used to monitor kidney function in people with diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney problems. Sometimes, it’s part of routine check-ups for those at higher risk of kidney disease.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll collect all your urine for a full 24-hour period in a special container. Drink plenty of fluids to ensure you’re producing enough urine, but avoid excessive caffeine or alcohol. Return the container to your lab on time to avoid needing to restart the collection.

What Happens During the Test

No special preparation is needed beyond the urine collection. The lab will analyze the sample for both protein and creatinine levels, then calculate the ratio to compare against expected values.

What the Results Mean

A higher-than-normal ratio may indicate kidney damage or disease, such as glomerulonephritis or diabetic nephropathy. A normal ratio suggests healthy kidney function. Your doctor will discuss results in the context of your overall health and symptoms.