Protein Electrophoresis, Serum/Plasma (Qualitative)

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting protein levels in the blood, such as kidney disease, liver problems, or certain cancers. It can also be used to evaluate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or swelling.

How Is the Sample Collected?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate the serum or plasma for testing. No special preparation is typically needed, but you may be asked to avoid certain foods or medications for a short time before testing.

What Does the Test Measure?

The test separates proteins into bands based on their size and electrical charge. Each band represents a group of proteins, including albumin, globulins (like immunoglobulins), and other fractions. Abnormal patterns may indicate issues like protein loss, overproduction of specific proteins, or changes in protein structure.

What Are Common Findings?

Common findings include altered protein bands, such as a shift toward heavier or lighter proteins, or the presence of unusual protein spikes. These changes can be linked to conditions like multiple myeloma (excess monoclonal proteins), liver disease (altered albumin or globulin levels), or kidney disease (proteinuria).