Protein Electrophoresis on Serum (Qualitative)

What Is Protein Electrophoresis Used For?

Protein electrophoresis is primarily used to detect and monitor conditions affecting protein levels in the blood. It can help identify abnormal protein bands that may indicate diseases such as multiple myeloma, where abnormal proteins (like monoclonal gammopathy) are produced, or conditions like liver disease or kidney problems that alter normal protein distribution.

How Is This Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum portion is separated and placed in a gel. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to move through the gel at different speeds based on their size and charge. Afterward, the gel is stained to visualize the protein bands.

What Might Abnormal Results Indicate?

Abnormal results may show unusual bands or shifts in protein distribution. For example, a prominent band in the gamma region could suggest multiple myeloma or other monoclonal gammopathies. Other patterns might indicate liver disease, inflammation, or kidney dysfunction.

When Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, bone pain, frequent infections, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or chronic inflammation. It’s also used in follow-up testing for patients with known protein-related disorders.