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Protein Electrophoresis (Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins found in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and electrical charge.

Quick summary

["Electrophoresis helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney problems."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
13438-7
Short code
Prot Pattern Ur Elph-Imp
Synonyms
Prot Pattern Ur Elph-Imp
Category
chemistry
Sample
urine
Container
Sterile urine container
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
Specimen volume
10 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 2h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis splits serum proteins into five main fractions: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each fraction contains proteins with distinct roles, such as supporting blood clotting, transporting nutrients, or fighting infections. Abnormal levels in any fraction may indicate underlying health issues.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), liver disease, kidney disease, or certain autoimmune disorders. It can also help assess protein malnutrition or detect unusual protein patterns in blood.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum (the liquid part after clotting) for testing. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your doctor’s instructions.

What to Expect During and After Testing

The procedure is quick and typically painless. You may feel slight discomfort or bruising at the injection site. Results are usually ready within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up may involve additional tests or discussions with your healthcare provider.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

How does protein electrophoresis help doctors diagnose conditions?
Protein electrophoresis helps identify abnormal protein patterns, such as spikes in immunoglobulin levels (e.g., monoclonal gammopathy) that may indicate multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders. It also assesses albumin levels, which can signal liver or kidney dysfunction, or detect unusual protein bands that may suggest metabolic or genetic disorders.
What if my results show unusual protein bands?
Unusual bands may require further testing, such as additional protein electrophoresis, immunofixation, or genetic evaluation. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history to guide next steps, which could include monitoring, treatment adjustments, or referrals to specialists.
Can diet affect protein electrophoresis results?
Dietary changes alone typically won’t alter protein electrophoresis results, but certain conditions (e.g., kidney disease) may require dietary modifications to support overall health. Always follow your doctor’s advice regarding fasting or dietary restrictions before testing.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy