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Protein Electrophoresis (Serum/Plasma)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, separated by size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which can signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney problems.

Quick summary

["This test helps doctors diagnose and monitor conditions affecting protein levels in your blood."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
49929-3
Short code
Prot Plr/SerPl
Synonyms
Prot Plr/SerPl
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Protein electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and size. Common proteins detected include albumin, globulins (such as immunoglobulins), and other fractions like alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. These bands can vary depending on health conditions.

Why Is This Test Done?

Doctors may order this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, lymphoma, or chronic liver/kidney disease.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum or plasma is then separated and analyzed using electrophoresis, which applies an electric current to sort proteins by size and charge.

Common Conditions Affecting Results

Abnormal protein patterns may indicate conditions such as multiple myeloma (excess monoclonal proteins), liver disease (altered albumin/globulin ratios), or kidney disease (proteinuria). Some conditions may cause broad bands or shifts in protein distribution.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does a protein electrophoresis test show?
It shows the relative amounts and types of proteins in your blood, including albumin, globulins, and any abnormal proteins (like monoclonal spikes). These results help identify conditions affecting protein balance.
How long does it take to get results from this test?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up with your doctor to discuss findings.
Can I eat or drink anything before this test?
No special preparation is needed. However, inform your doctor about any medications or supplements you’re taking, as they may affect results.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy