Protein Electrophoresis, Serum (Qualitative or Semi-Quantitative)

What Proteins Does the Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins based on their electrical charge and size. Key protein bands include albumin, globulins (such as alpha, beta, and gamma globulins), and other components like fibrinogen. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma (excess monoclonal proteins), liver disease (reduced albumin), or immune disorders.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or if they suspect conditions like multiple myeloma, lymphoma, liver disease, or kidney disease. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress for certain blood disorders.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood after clotting) is then analyzed using electrophoresis to separate proteins. Results are often reported as visual bands or relative concentrations of protein fractions.

Interpreting Results

Results show the distribution of proteins across different bands. A normal pattern has distinct bands with balanced protein levels. Abnormal patterns (e.g., extra bands, missing bands, or skewed concentrations) may require further testing or evaluation by a healthcare provider.