Protein Electrophoresis, Serum (Qualitative)

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and molecular weight. The test detects abnormal protein patterns, such as monoclonal spikes (e.g., M proteins) or altered albumin/globulin ratios, which can signal underlying diseases.

Common Uses and Indications

Doctors may order this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, kidney disease, liver issues, or recurrent infections. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress in conditions like multiple myeloma or Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The blood is processed to separate serum (the liquid part after clotting), which is then analyzed in a lab. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on clinical context.

What to Expect Before the Test

You may experience mild discomfort from the needle, but most people tolerate the procedure well. Avoid eating or drinking for 8–12 hours before if fasting is required. Wear comfortable clothing for easy access to your arm.