Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) with Free PSA Fraction and Ratio Calculation

What PSA Testing Measures

PSA is a protein found in small amounts in the blood and produced by both healthy and diseased prostate cells. This test includes the total PSA level, the free PSA fraction (the portion that isn’t bound to other proteins), and the PSA free-to-total ratio. These measurements help differentiate between benign prostate conditions and potential prostate cancer.

Why This Test Might Be Ordered

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms like urinary difficulties, pain during urination, or if you’re at higher risk for prostate issues due to age, family history, or other medical conditions. It may also be used as part of routine screening or monitoring for prostate health.

How the Test Works

A blood sample is drawn to measure PSA levels. The free PSA fraction and ratio are calculated by analyzing how much of the PSA is unbound. This helps assess whether the increase in PSA is likely due to benign enlargement (benign prostatic hyperplasia) or other conditions, including cancer.

What the Results Mean

Results are not interpreted alone but in the context of your symptoms, medical history, and other test results. Elevated PSA levels can indicate prostate issues, but they don’t always mean cancer. Your doctor will discuss findings with you and may recommend further testing if needed.