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Serum or Plasma Cholesterol (Total) with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Measurement

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the total amount of cholesterol in your blood, a key part of your lipid profile. Cholesterol helps your body produce hormones, vitamin D, and cell membranes, but too much can increase your risk of heart disease.

Quick summary

["Your cholesterol levels help assess heart health and guide lifestyle or medical recommendations."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
40089-5
Short code
PT 30M p chal PPP
Synonyms
PT 30M p chal PPP
Category
chemistry
Sample
plasma
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA) or Green-top (Heparin)
Units
N/A
Ref low
44
Ref high
147
Critical range
20 N/A – 400 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
coag-tissue-factor-induced
CPT
84075
SNOMED
27550007
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why Cholesterol Matters

Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your blood that your body needs to function properly. It’s made by your liver and also comes from foods like eggs, fatty meats, and full-fat dairy. Cholesterol travels through your bloodstream attached to proteins called lipoproteins, which include low-density lipoproteins (LDL, often called 'bad' cholesterol) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL, often called 'good' cholesterol). This test specifically measures the total cholesterol level, which includes both types.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. If you’re fasting, your doctor may ask you to avoid eating or drinking anything (except water) for 12 hours before the test. If you’re not fasting, your results may still be useful, but your doctor will note this on your report.

How the Test Works

Blood is drawn from a vein in your arm and sent to a lab. The sample is analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a method that separates and measures different types of cholesterol. This process helps determine the total cholesterol amount in your blood.

What Your Results Mean

Your results will show your total cholesterol level, which is expressed in milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). While specific ranges can vary by lab, higher levels may indicate a higher risk of heart disease or other health issues. Your doctor will interpret your results in the context of your overall health and may recommend lifestyle changes or further testing if needed.

Reference range

Adult: 44-147 U/LN/A

Specimen: plasma

No special preparation required. Avoid fatty meals before the test if possible.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Total Cholesterol

Frequently asked questions

What causes high cholesterol levels?
High cholesterol can result from a combination of factors, including genetics, an unhealthy diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and certain medical conditions like diabetes or hypothyroidism. Lifestyle changes, such as eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly, can often help manage cholesterol levels.
How often should I get this test?
Your doctor will determine how often you need this test based on your age, overall health, and risk factors. Typically, adults are advised to get a cholesterol screening every 4–5 years if they have no known risk factors. If you have risk factors like high blood pressure, diabetes, or a family history of heart disease, you may need testing more frequently.
Can diet or exercise affect my cholesterol test results?
Yes, diet and exercise can significantly impact your cholesterol levels. Eating foods rich in fiber, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats (like olive oil) and reducing saturated and trans fats can help lower cholesterol. Regular physical activity can also improve cholesterol levels by increasing HDL (good cholesterol) and lowering LDL (bad cholesterol).
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy