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Serum/plasma protein electrophoresis (qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using gel electrophoresis, which separates proteins based on size and electrical charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
34529-8
Short code
PT + aPTT Pnl PPP
Synonyms
PT + aPTT Pnl PPP
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
0.8
Ref high
1.2
Critical range
— – 5 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
coag
CPT
85610
SNOMED
396252006
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main zones: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and immunoglobulins (gamma globulins). Each zone reflects different protein functions and potential health issues.

Why Is This Test Done?

Your healthcare provider may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting protein levels, such as infections, kidney disease, or inherited disorders like alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.

Common Conditions Detected

Abnormal patterns can indicate conditions like multiple myeloma (excess gamma globulins), liver disease (elevated alpha-2 globulins), or chronic inflammation.

Sample Preparation

A blood sample is drawn, and the serum or plasma is analyzed in a lab using an electric field to separate proteins by size and charge.

Reference range

INR: 0.8-1.2 (warfarin: 2.0-3.0)N/A

Specimen: serum

Inform your healthcare provider if you are taking blood thinners. No special preparation required.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance: Protein electrophoresis is critical for diagnosing and managing conditions where protein abnormalities are suspected. It helps assess the severity of diseases like monoclonal gammopathy (e.g., multiple myeloma) or systemic lupus erythematosus by identifying abnormal protein bands or spikes.

Short name

Protein Electrophoresis (Qual)

Frequently asked questions

What does a protein electrophoresis test show?
It shows the distribution of different protein types in your blood, highlighting any unusual patterns (e.g., spikes, bands, or shifts) that may indicate underlying health issues.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 1–3 business days, depending on lab processing times.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special preparation is needed, but avoid alcohol for 24 hours before testing if advised by your provider.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy