Protein Electrophoresis on Serum (or Plasma)

What Does This Test Measure?

Protein electrophoresis splits blood proteins into five main fractions: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (including immunoglobulins). Each fraction reflects different protein functions, such as transport, immune response, or structural support. Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like chronic inflammation, infections, or genetic disorders.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, frequent infections, fatigue, or swelling. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or kidney problems where protein levels or patterns are known to change.

How Is the Test Performed?

A small blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The serum or plasma is then separated and placed in a gel for electrophoresis. An electric current is applied to separate proteins based on size and charge. Results are analyzed to identify any unusual protein patterns.

What Are Common Findings?

Normal results show balanced protein distribution across the five fractions. Abnormal findings may include elevated gamma globulins (often seen in immune disorders), low albumin (linked to liver or kidney disease), or unusual spikes in specific protein bands that warrant further investigation.