Protein Electrophoresis, Serum

What Is Protein Electrophoresis Used For?

Protein electrophoresis is primarily used to diagnose and monitor conditions affecting protein levels in the blood. It can help detect abnormal protein bands that may indicate diseases such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or other plasma cell disorders. It may also be used to evaluate liver or kidney function indirectly by observing protein patterns.

How Is This Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in your arm. The serum portion is then separated and placed in an electrophoresis chamber. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate through a gel according to their size and charge. The resulting pattern of bands is analyzed to identify any abnormal protein distributions.

What Does the Test Result Mean?

The test result shows a visual pattern of protein bands. Normal results typically display distinct bands corresponding to albumin and globulins. Abnormal patterns may show extra bands (e.g., monoclonal spikes) or altered band intensities, which can signal underlying health issues requiring further medical evaluation.

When Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may recommend protein electrophoresis if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, frequent infections, fatigue, or if they suspect a blood disorder. It’s also used in follow-up care for patients diagnosed with certain cancers or chronic conditions affecting protein metabolism.