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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["This test helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders affecting protein production."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
111851-2
Short code
Purpose of exam Endscpy
Synonyms
Purpose of exam Endscpy
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
endoscopy
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main bands: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each band reflects the concentration of specific proteins, which can vary due to health conditions.

Why It’s Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions such as immune system disorders, kidney disease, liver problems, or certain cancers that alter protein levels.

Common Conditions Evaluated

Abnormal patterns in protein electrophoresis can signal conditions like multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), Waldenström macroglobulinemia, or chronic liver disease, among others.

Sample Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm. The serum is then separated from blood cells and prepared for electrophoresis analysis.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Qualitative Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

How long will I need to wait for results?
Results are usually available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your healthcare provider will discuss findings with you during your follow-up visit.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special preparation is needed. However, inform your provider if you’re on blood-thinning medications or have any allergies to blood collection materials.
What does it mean if my results show unusual bands?
Unusual bands may indicate abnormal protein production, such as monoclonal spikes (seen in myeloma) or elevated gamma globulins (linked to immune disorders). Your provider will interpret results in the context of your overall health.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy