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Bilirubin, Total (Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the total amount of bilirubin in your blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells break down.

Quick summary

["Bilirubin helps your liver process waste and keeps your skin and eyes from turning yellow."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
47280-3
Short code
RBC # BldCo
Synonyms
RBC # BldCo
Category
chemistry
Sample
whole-blood
Container
Lavender-top (EDTA)
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.2
Ref high
5.9
Critical range
2 N/A – 7 N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
85041
SNOMED
900000000000003001
Specimen volume
3 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h
Hemolysis max
0
Lipemia max
0
Icterus max
0
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why Is This Test Done?

Your doctor may order this test to check for liver disease, bile duct blockages, or red blood cell disorders. It can also help diagnose conditions like jaundice, where bilirubin builds up and causes skin or eyes to look yellow.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll likely have a small needle inserted into your arm to draw blood. This is usually done in a lab or doctor’s office. No special preparation is needed, but let your doctor know if you’re on blood thinners or have bleeding issues.

What to Expect During the Test

The blood will be drawn into a tube, and the needle will be removed once enough blood is collected. You may feel a slight pinch, but it’s over quickly. The test itself takes only a few minutes.

What the Results Mean

Higher than normal levels may suggest liver problems, gallbladder issues, or hemolytic anemia (where red blood cells break down too quickly). Lower levels are less common but could indicate certain liver or bile duct conditions.

Reference range

Adult males: 4.2-5.9; Females: 3.8-5.1 x 10^12/LN/A

Specimen: whole-blood

No special preparation required. Stay well hydrated.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Total Bilirubin

Frequently asked questions

How often should I get this test?
Your doctor will determine how often you need this test based on your health condition. Some people get it once a year, while others may need it more frequently if they have ongoing liver issues.
What are the normal ranges for bilirubin?
There isn’t a single standard range for everyone. Your doctor will compare your results to your own baseline or to ranges relevant to your health condition. Ask your doctor for your specific reference values.
Can diet affect bilirubin levels?
Diet can sometimes influence liver function indirectly, but it doesn’t directly affect bilirubin levels. Avoiding alcohol and eating a balanced diet may help support liver health, though this test measures bilirubin itself, not liver function directly.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy