Urine Microscopic Examination (Microscopic Urinalysis)

What Does the Microscope Find?

Your urine sample is mixed with a special solution and placed on a slide. A trained technician uses a microscope to look for different types of cells, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, or epithelial cells. They also check for bacteria, yeast, or crystals that may form in urine. These findings can help determine if there’s an infection, inflammation, or other conditions affecting your kidneys or bladder.

Common Findings and Their Possible Causes

For example, red blood cells in urine might suggest kidney damage, bladder infections, or urinary tract stones. White blood cells could indicate a urinary tract infection. Crystals may appear in concentrated urine and can sometimes signal kidney stones or metabolic issues. The presence of bacteria or yeast often points to infections.

When Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order a urine microscopic examination if you have symptoms like frequent urination, pain while urinating, blood in urine, cloudy or strong-smelling urine, or if tests like a basic urinalysis show unusual results. It’s also used as part of routine check-ups or before certain medical procedures.

Preparation for the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You’ll typically provide a midstream urine sample in a clean container. If you’re using a catheter or other device, your healthcare provider will guide you on how to collect the sample correctly.