Bone marrow aspirate and biopsy with flow cytometry for immunophenotyping (guided by specific clinical or laboratory criteria)

What Is Bone Marrow Testing Used For?

Bone marrow tests are often performed when doctors suspect blood disorders, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or other hematologic cancers. They may also be used to evaluate genetic conditions affecting blood cells or to monitor treatment progress in patients with known blood-related diseases.

Procedure Overview

During the procedure, a needle is inserted into your hip bone (usually the iliac crest) to collect a small amount of bone marrow fluid and a core sample of bone. The fluid is then analyzed separately from the core biopsy. This is typically done under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort.

How Are Results Interpreted?

Results from bone marrow tests are reviewed by a pathologist or hematologist. They assess cell types, counts, and structure to identify any abnormal growths, genetic mutations, or other irregularities. Flow cytometry, a specialized technique, may be used to identify specific cell markers in the fluid sample.

Potential Risks and Considerations

While generally safe, bone marrow procedures carry some risks, including bruising, bleeding, or infection at the injection site. Rarely, complications like nerve damage or allergic reactions may occur. You may experience mild discomfort or soreness after the procedure.