Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) with 24-hour fluid collection

What This Test Measures

HbA1c measures the percentage of hemoglobin molecules that are coated with glucose. This reflects your average blood sugar levels over approximately 2–3 months, as red blood cells have a lifespan of about 120 days. Unlike a single blood sugar reading, HbA1c provides a broader picture of how well your body manages glucose over time.

Why It’s Done

Doctors use HbA1c to diagnose diabetes, monitor treatment progress, and detect complications like kidney disease or nerve damage. It’s especially useful for people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, as it helps prevent long-term health issues by identifying trends in blood sugar control.

How It’s Collected

For this test, a small urine sample is collected over 24 hours. This fluid may include glucose from your body’s metabolism, though the primary focus is on HbA1c analysis from blood cells. Your healthcare provider will guide you on proper collection timing and storage.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may drink water as usual, but avoid excessive glucose-containing beverages or foods that could temporarily alter urine composition. If you’re pregnant, have kidney issues, or take certain medications, discuss this with your doctor first.