SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection by Qualitative PCR (Spike Protein ORF1ab)
This test checks for genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, using a sample from your respiratory tract.
["Detects active COVID-19 infection by identifying the virus’s genetic material in your nasal or throat swab."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 94639-2
- Short code
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Spec Ql NAA+probe
- Synonyms
- SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab Spec Ql NAA+probe
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- probe-amp-tar
- CPT
- 86430
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
How the Test Works
The test uses a specialized probe designed to target a specific gene region (ORF1ab) of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. When the virus is present, the probe binds to its genetic material, allowing the test to detect it through a process called polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This process amplifies and identifies the virus’s genetic material for confirmation.
Sample Collection
A healthcare provider will collect a sample from your upper respiratory tract, typically using a swab. The swab is placed in a special container and sent to the lab for testing.
What to Expect After Testing
Results are usually available within 24 to 48 hours. If the test is positive, it means the virus is actively present in your system. If negative, it suggests the virus is not detected at the time of testing, though it may still be present at lower levels or you may have recovered.
When This Test Is Used
This test is commonly used for diagnosing active COVID-19 infection, especially in individuals who have symptoms or have been exposed to someone with COVID-19. It may also be used in screening settings, such as before entering certain facilities or during outbreaks.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
A positive result indicates the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and confirms COVID-19 infection. This is critical for guiding treatment, isolating the individual to prevent spread, and monitoring for complications. A negative result does not definitively rule out infection if symptoms persist or if testing was done too early. Follow-up testing may be recommended in these cases.
Short name
SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab RT-PCR Test
Frequently asked questions
Why might I need this test?
What does a positive result mean?
Can I get this test at home?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy