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SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection in Respiratory Specimen (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19 in your respiratory sample, such as a nasal or throat swab.

Quick summary

["This test helps determine if you have an active COVID-19 infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
98131-6
Short code
SARS-CoV-2 ORF1b Resp Ql NAA+probe
Synonyms
SARS-CoV-2 ORF1b Resp Ql NAA+probe
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
probe-amp-tar
CPT
86430
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses a specialized probe designed to detect the virus’s genetic material (RNA) in your sample. If the virus is present, the probe binds to its genetic sequence, triggering a detectable signal. This process is highly sensitive and specific to SARS-CoV-2.

What to Expect During the Test

You’ll provide a sample of respiratory secretions (e.g., nasal or throat swab) during a quick, painless procedure. The sample is then processed in a lab to detect the virus’s genetic material. Results are typically available within 24–48 hours.

When This Test Is Used

This test is commonly used for diagnosing active COVID-19 infection, especially during screening, symptom evaluation, or after potential exposure. It’s also used in monitoring for reinfection or during outbreaks in healthcare settings.

What the Results Mean

A positive result indicates the presence of the virus’s genetic material, suggesting an active infection. A negative result means the virus was not detected in the sample at the time of testing, but it doesn’t always rule out infection if testing was done too early or after the virus cleared.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

A positive result confirms COVID-19 and guides treatment decisions, such as isolating at home or seeking medical care. A negative result may require retesting if symptoms persist or if exposure is suspected. This test is critical for public health tracking, preventing spread, and managing outbreaks.

Frequently asked questions

Why might my doctor order this test?
Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms of COVID-19, have been exposed to someone with the virus, or are in a setting where testing is required (e.g., travel, workplace, or community screening).
What if I get a positive result?
A positive result means you likely have an active COVID-19 infection. Follow your doctor’s instructions for isolation, treatment (if needed), and monitoring. Contact your healthcare provider if symptoms worsen or new ones develop.
How soon after exposure should I get tested?
Ideally, testing should occur within 2–5 days after exposure to increase the likelihood of detecting the virus. However, testing can still be useful if symptoms develop later, as the virus may still be present in your respiratory tract.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy