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SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in Plasma

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for the presence of genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in your plasma, which may indicate an active COVID-19 infection.

Quick summary

["Determines if you have an active COVID-19 infection by detecting the virus’s genetic material in your blood plasma."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
99314-7
Short code
SARS-CoV-2 RdRp mut Spec
Synonyms
SARS-CoV-2 RdRp mut Spec
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
molgen
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test detects fragments of the SARS-CoV-2 virus’s genetic material (RNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These fragments are unique to the virus and help confirm whether you are currently infected with COVID-19. Plasma is used as the specimen because it contains virus particles more reliably than serum in some cases.

How the Test Works

RT-PCR is a highly sensitive molecular test that amplifies and detects tiny amounts of viral genetic material. Your plasma sample is processed to extract viral RNA, which is then analyzed for specific sequences linked to SARS-CoV-2. The test is designed to be highly accurate but may not detect all possible variants.

When This Test Is Ordered

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., fever, cough, fatigue) or if you’ve been exposed to someone with the virus. It is also used for screening in high-risk settings, monitoring in hospitalized patients, or confirming infection in asymptomatic individuals.

Important Considerations

This test is most reliable when taken early in the infection, as viral RNA levels may drop over time. False negatives can occur if the test is taken too late in the illness or if the specimen is not handled properly. Results should always be interpreted by a healthcare provider in the context of your symptoms and medical history.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

COVID-19 RT-PCR Plasma Test

Frequently asked questions

Why might my healthcare provider order this test?
To diagnose an active COVID-19 infection, especially if symptoms are present or exposure to the virus is suspected. It helps guide treatment decisions, such as isolation recommendations or the need for antiviral medications. Results may also inform decisions about returning to work, travel, or participation in group settings.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result strongly suggests you are currently infected with SARS-CoV-2. This means you may be contagious and should follow isolation guidelines. Your provider will discuss next steps, such as treatment options or further testing if needed.
What does a negative result mean?
A negative result means the test did not detect viral genetic material at the time of testing, but this does not guarantee you are not infected. You may still be contagious if symptoms developed after the test date. Follow-up testing or monitoring may be recommended if you develop symptoms or have been exposed recently.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy