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SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) on Upper Respiratory Specimen

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19 in your upper respiratory sample, such as a nasal or throat swab.

Quick summary

["This test helps determine if you have an active COVID-19 infection."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
96123-5
Short code
SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Upper resp Ql NAA+probe
Synonyms
SARS-CoV-2 RdRp Upper resp Ql NAA+probe
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
probe-amp-tar
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses a process called reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify the virus’s genetic material. A swab is collected from your nose or throat, and the sample is analyzed in a lab to detect the presence of the virus’s unique genetic code.

What to Expect Before the Test

You may need to avoid certain medications or activities before testing, depending on your healthcare provider’s instructions. Typically, you’ll be asked to restrain coughing or sneezing during the sample collection to ensure accuracy.

What to Expect During the Test

A healthcare provider will insert a swab into your nose or throat to collect a sample. You may experience mild discomfort, but it usually lasts only a few seconds. You’ll be asked to stay still while the sample is processed.

What to Expect After the Test

After the test, you can return to your normal activities. If you experience any discomfort or unusual symptoms, contact your healthcare provider.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Test

Frequently asked questions

Why was I asked to take this test?
Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms of COVID-19, have been exposed to someone with the virus, or are part of a screening program for high-risk groups.
What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means the test detected genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, suggesting you are likely infected with COVID-19. Follow your healthcare provider’s guidance on next steps, such as isolation or seeking further medical care.
Can I get a false positive or false negative?
While rare, false results can occur due to timing of testing, sample contamination, or technical issues. False negatives are more likely if testing is done too early in the illness. If your test is negative but you still feel sick, consult your healthcare provider for further evaluation.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy