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SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Test, Respiratory Specimen

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects genetic material from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the cause of COVID-19, in your respiratory sample. It helps determine if you currently have an active infection.

Quick summary

["This test checks for the virus that causes COVID-19 in your breath or nasal secretions."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
110889-3
Short code
SARS-CoV-2 RNA Msmt Resp
Synonyms
SARS-CoV-2 RNA Msmt Resp
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses a specialized laboratory technique to identify genetic material (nucleic acids) from the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A sample of your respiratory secretions—such as a nasal or throat swab—is collected and analyzed to detect the virus’s genetic material, which can confirm an active infection.

Sample Collection

You’ll likely have a quick, painless swab of your nose or throat to collect a sample of respiratory secretions. The swab is placed in a special container, and the sample is sent to a lab for testing.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed for this test. You may feel mild discomfort during swabbing, but it usually takes only a few seconds. If you have a cold or sore throat, you might experience more sensitivity, but the test remains accurate.

What to Expect After the Test

After the test, you can return to your normal activities immediately. There are no restrictions or follow-up steps required unless your healthcare provider advises otherwise.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Frequently asked questions

Why was I asked to take this test?
You may have been tested for COVID-19 due to symptoms like fever, cough, or shortness of breath, exposure to someone with COVID-19, or as part of routine screening in healthcare settings, schools, or workplaces.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 72 hours, depending on the lab’s processing speed and your location. Some facilities offer same-day results for urgent cases.
Can I get this test at home?
Yes, some at-home COVID-19 tests detect viral genetic material, but they are not the same as lab-based tests. At-home tests may have different accuracy, sensitivity, and use cases. Always follow your healthcare provider’s guidance on testing type and interpretation.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy