SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in Respiratory Specimen
This test checks for the presence of genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19 in your respiratory sample, such as a nasal or throat swab.
["This test helps determine if you have an active COVID-19 infection by detecting the virus’s genetic material."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 94531-1
- Short code
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA Pnl Resp NAA+probe
- Synonyms
- SARS-CoV-2 RNA Pnl Resp NAA+probe
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- probe-amp-tar
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
How the Test Works
The test uses a process called reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A small sample of your respiratory secretions is collected and analyzed to detect specific genetic sequences unique to SARS-CoV-2. If these sequences are found, it suggests the virus is present in your body.
What to Expect During the Test
You will likely have a quick, painless swab of your nose or throat. The sample is then sent to a lab for processing. Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on the lab’s workflow.
When This Test Is Needed
This test is commonly used for diagnosing active COVID-19 infections, especially when symptoms are present or if you have been exposed to someone with COVID-19. It may also be used for screening in certain settings, such as before returning to work or travel.
Preparation and Sample Collection
No special preparation is needed for this test. You may have a nasal or throat swab, which is a quick and non-invasive procedure. If you are taking certain medications or have a condition that affects your immune system, let your healthcare provider know before testing.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
A positive result indicates the presence of SARS-CoV-2 genetic material, strongly suggesting an active COVID-19 infection. This can guide treatment decisions, such as starting antiviral medications or isolating to prevent spreading the virus. A negative result means the test did not detect the virus at the time of testing, but it is possible the infection is still present or has not yet developed. Repeat testing may be recommended if symptoms persist or exposure is suspected.
Frequently asked questions
What does a positive result mean?
What if I get a negative result but still feel sick?
How soon after exposure should I get tested?
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy