SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) in Respiratory Specimen

This test checks a sample taken from your nose or throat to see whether the virus that causes COVID-19 is present. The sample is analyzed in a laboratory, where staff look for genetic material from the virus. If the virus is found, your result will be reported as positive.

The test uses a small sample of your respiratory secretions (like nasal or throat swab) to detect the virus’s genetic material. A laboratory processes the sample to identify if the virus is present, even if you’re not yet showing symptoms.

You may need this test if you have symptoms of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, or loss of taste or smell. Testing may also be recommended if you were in close contact with someone who has COVID-19, or if your provider needs to confirm infection before a procedure.

Healthcare providers use this test to diagnose COVID-19, especially in people with symptoms like fever, cough, or shortness of breath. It may also be used for screening in high-risk settings or before procedures where infection control is critical.

Before the test, your health care provider will explain the procedure and answer your questions. You usually do not need to fast or stop taking your medicines. A health care professional will collect a sample by gently swabbing the inside of your nose or the back of your throat. The swab may feel uncomfortable, but it should not hurt and takes only a few seconds.

No special preparation is needed. You’ll likely have a quick nasal or throat swab. The sample is sent to a lab for analysis, which can take a few hours to a couple of days, depending on the lab’s processing time.

After the sample is collected, you can go home and return to your normal activities right away. You may notice a brief tickle in your nose or throat that passes quickly. Results are usually ready within a few days, depending on the laboratory, and your provider will contact you to discuss them and any next steps.

Results are typically provided within 24–72 hours. If the test is positive, you may need further guidance on isolation or treatment. If negative, it doesn’t always mean you’re clear of infection, especially if symptoms persist.