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SARS-CoV-2 RNA (Nucleic Acid Amplification Test) in Saliva

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19 in your saliva. It helps determine if you currently have an active infection.

Quick summary

["A positive result may indicate recent COVID-19 infection; a negative result suggests no active virus is present at the time of testing."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
105909-6
Short code
SARS-CoV-2 RNA Spec Ql
Synonyms
SARS-CoV-2 RNA Spec Ql
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

The test looks for the RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. RNA is a molecule that carries genetic information. If the virus is present in your saliva, its RNA will be detected during testing.

How the Test Works

A small sample of saliva is collected and processed to extract viral RNA. Specialized laboratory equipment then amplifies and detects the viral genetic material using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology.

When You Might Need This Test

This test is commonly used for COVID-19 screening, especially in asymptomatic individuals, during outbreaks, or as part of routine testing protocols. It may also be used to confirm a suspected COVID-19 diagnosis.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may spit into a provided container, avoiding swallowing. Some facilities may ask you to rinse your mouth with water before collecting the sample to reduce contamination.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Saliva PCR

Frequently asked questions

Why might I get a false-negative result?
A false-negative result can occur if the test was performed too early after exposure or symptom onset, when the virus may not yet be present in detectable amounts in your saliva. Other factors, such as the quality of the sample collection or laboratory processing, could also contribute.
Can this test detect past COVID-19 infection?
No, this test only detects active infection by identifying viral RNA in your saliva. To determine if you had past infection, you would need antibody tests (such as serology tests) that look for immune system responses to the virus.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on the laboratory’s processing schedule. Some facilities may offer same-day results for urgent cases, but this varies by location and testing capacity.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy