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SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Test (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for the presence of genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19 in your sample. It helps determine if you have an active infection.

Quick summary

["Determines whether COVID-19 is currently active in your body."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
33973-9
Short code
SARS-CoV Urb Ab Ser-aCnc
Synonyms
SARS-CoV Urb Ab Ser-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test detects genetic material (RNA) from the SARS-CoV-2 virus using a highly sensitive molecular method. A small sample of your respiratory secretions (e.g., nasal or throat swab) is analyzed to identify viral genetic material, which confirms an active infection if present.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You may experience mild discomfort from the swab insertion, but it usually lasts only a few seconds. Avoid smoking or using nasal sprays 15–30 minutes before testing if instructed.

Sample Collection Process

A healthcare provider will collect a sample from your nose or throat using a swab. The swab is gently inserted into your nasal passage or rubbed along your throat to gather respiratory secretions. The sample is then sent to the lab for testing.

When You Might Need This Test

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have symptoms of COVID-19 (e.g., fever, cough, fatigue), have been exposed to someone with COVID-19, or are in a setting where infection control is critical (e.g., healthcare, schools, or travel). It’s also used for screening before procedures or gatherings.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24–72 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your healthcare provider will contact you directly with the outcome.
Can I get false results?
While rare, false results can occur if the sample is contaminated, improperly collected, or if you have had recent treatment (e.g., antiviral medications). Always follow your provider’s instructions for sample collection and storage.
Does this test detect past infection?
No, this test only detects active infection by identifying viral RNA. For evidence of past infection, antibodies (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 IgG) may be tested separately.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy