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SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Test (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test detects genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19. It helps determine if you have an active infection.

Quick summary

["This test checks for the presence of the virus in your body."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
33969-7
Short code
SARS-CoV Urb Ab Ser IA-aCnc
Synonyms
SARS-CoV Urb Ab Ser IA-aCnc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

How the Test Works

The test uses a small sample of your respiratory secretions (like nasal or throat swab) to identify the virus’s genetic material. If the virus is present, the test can detect it through specialized laboratory techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

What to Expect Before the Test

You may need to take a nasal or throat swab. Some people experience mild discomfort, but it usually doesn’t cause pain. Avoid smoking or using mouthwash before the test if instructed by your provider.

What to Expect After the Test

After the test, you can return to your normal activities. If you have symptoms like fever, cough, or difficulty breathing, contact your healthcare provider immediately.

When the Test Might Be Ordered

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms of COVID-19, have been exposed to someone with the virus, or are in a setting where testing is required (e.g., travel, workplace, or school).

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

A positive result means you are likely infected with COVID-19 and may spread the virus to others. A negative result means the virus was not detected at the time of testing, but you could still be infected if symptoms develop later. This test is critical for guiding treatment, preventing spread, and monitoring outbreaks.

Short name

COVID-19 PCR Test

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result indicates that the virus responsible for COVID-19 was detected in your sample. You should follow your healthcare provider’s guidance on isolation, treatment, and monitoring for symptoms.
Can a negative result mean I still have COVID-19?
Yes, a negative result means the virus was not detected at the time of testing, but you could still be infected. Symptoms may develop later, or the virus may be present at a lower level that the test couldn’t detect. If you have symptoms, get tested again or seek medical advice.
How soon after exposure should I get tested?
Ideally, get tested as soon as possible after exposure, ideally within 2–5 days. However, testing can still be useful even if symptoms haven’t appeared yet, as some people test positive before feeling sick.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy