SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Test (Qualitative) – RNA Detection by RT-PCR
This test detects genetic material from the virus that causes COVID-19 to determine if you have an active infection.
["Helps identify if you’re currently infected with COVID-19, guiding treatment and safety precautions."]
Key facts at a glance
- LOINC
- 94310-0
- Short code
- SARS-related CoV N Spec Ql NAA N3
- Synonyms
- SARS-related CoV N Spec Ql NAA N3
- Category
- chemistry
- Sample
- serum
- Container
- Red-top tube (SST)
- Units
- N/A
- Fasting
- false
- Population
- adult
- Sex
- all
- Age range
- 18–65 years
- Method
- probe-amp-tar-cdc-primer-probe-set-n
- Specimen volume
- 5 mL
- Stability
- Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
- Hemolysis max
- 500
- Lipemia max
- 1000
- Icterus max
- 500
- TAT
- 4–24 hours
- Order
- routine
How the Test Works
The test uses a small sample of your respiratory secretions (like nasal or throat swab) to search for the virus’s genetic material. A laboratory processes the sample with a specialized machine that amplifies and detects these viral fragments using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
What to Expect Before the Test
You may receive instructions to avoid certain medications or foods before testing, but this is rare. Bring any recent medical records or medications you’re taking to your appointment. Avoid heavy exercise or smoking for 1 hour before testing if advised by your provider.
What to Expect During the Test
A healthcare provider will collect a sample from your nose or throat using a swab. You may experience mild discomfort, but it typically lasts only a few seconds. The sample is then sent to a lab for analysis.
What to Expect After the Test
You’ll receive results from your healthcare provider, usually within 24–72 hours. If you’re tested at a clinic, you may get results on the same day. Follow-up care depends on your results and medical advice.
Clinical interpretation
How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.
Clinical Significance
Short name
COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Test
Frequently asked questions
Positive results indicate an active COVID-19 infection and may require isolation, treatment adjustments, or further testing. Negative results suggest no detectable virus, but they don’t always rule out infection if testing was done too early. Results guide decisions about quarantine, vaccination status, or exposure risks for others.
If you have symptoms like fever, cough, or shortness of breath, testing may be recommended even if you’re vaccinated. Results can help determine if you need medical care or if you should isolate others.
The test uses a swab sample, so it’s important to follow instructions carefully. If you’re pregnant, have a weakened immune system, or are in a high-risk group, your provider may recommend additional testing.
Sources
- 1
- 2Lab Tests OnlineSource
- 3
Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.
This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.
If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.
Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy