Schistosoma antigen detection (serum/plasma)

What Is This Test For?

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection spread through contact with contaminated freshwater. The *Schistosoma* parasite lives in freshwater snails and releases eggs that enter the body through skin. These eggs can travel through the bloodstream and cause inflammation, tissue damage, or organ complications. This test detects either the parasite’s antigens (tiny fragments of the parasite) or antibodies your immune system produces in response to infection. Early detection is important because untreated infections can lead to chronic health issues over time.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The sample is then tested in a lab using an immunoassay method to detect Schistosoma-specific antigens or antibodies. The test may also be used on urine or stool samples in some cases, but serum/plasma is the most common specimen type for this test.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms like fever, rash, itching, abdominal pain, or urinary issues—common signs of schistosomiasis. It may also be used in areas where schistosomiasis is common, especially if you’ve had exposure to freshwater or travel to regions with high parasite risk. Doctors may also order it for people with chronic conditions like kidney disease or liver problems, as these infections can worsen those conditions.

What Are Possible Results?

A positive result means the test detected Schistosoma antigens or antibodies, suggesting an active or past infection. A negative result means no detectable antigens or antibodies were found at the time of testing. Results can vary based on the stage of infection, so follow-up testing or additional evaluation may be needed.