: Sigmoidoscopy and Colonoscopy Procedure Note

: What These Procedures Are

: A sigmoidoscopy examines the lower portion of the large intestine (the sigmoid colon and rectum), while a colonoscopy examines the entire large intestine. Both use a thin, flexible instrument with a light and camera that is inserted through the rectum so the doctor can view the bowel lining directly.

: Why They Are Done

: These exams are commonly used to screen for colorectal cancer and to investigate symptoms such as rectal bleeding, persistent diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, or unexplained weight loss. They can also help evaluate conditions like inflammation, ulcers, or polyps (small growths on the bowel wall).

: What to Expect

: You will usually be asked to cleanse your bowel beforehand with a special diet and laxatives so the lining can be seen clearly. The procedure is often done with sedation or pain medication. During the exam the doctor may take small tissue samples (biopsies) or remove polyps, which are then sent to a laboratory for analysis.

: How Results Are Reported

: The procedure note describes how far the instrument reached, what the lining looked like, and whether any samples or polyps were removed. If tissue was collected, a separate pathology report will describe those findings. Your care team will explain what the results mean for your follow-up.