Neutrophil count with differential (absolute neutrophil count, or ANC)

What Neutrophils Do in Your Body

Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell that play a critical role in defending your body against infections caused by bacteria. They move quickly to areas where bacteria are present and release chemicals to destroy them. This process helps prevent infections from spreading and keeps you healthy.

How Neutrophils Are Measured

The test measures the absolute count of neutrophils in your blood sample. This is done by examining a small amount of blood under a microscope or using an automated blood cell counter. The result helps healthcare providers assess your immune function and identify potential issues like infections or other conditions.

When This Test Might Be Ordered

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like frequent or severe infections, unexplained fever, fatigue, or if you’re undergoing treatment for conditions that can affect your immune system, such as chemotherapy or certain autoimmune diseases.

Possible Results and What They Mean

Results can vary based on your health and medical history. A lower-than-normal neutrophil count may indicate an infection, bone marrow disorder, or certain medications that suppress the immune system. A higher-than-normal count might suggest inflammation, infection, or other conditions like leukemia.