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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) or Serum Protein Electrophoresis with Qualitative Assessment

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, separated by size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.

Quick summary

["SPEP helps diagnose and monitor conditions affecting blood protein levels."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
100736-8
Short code
Spec Doc
Synonyms
Spec Doc
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Proteins Does SPEP Measure?

SPEP separates blood proteins into five main fractions: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (including immunoglobulins). Each fraction can provide clues about underlying health issues, such as inflammation or immune system dysfunction.

Why Is SPEP Used?

This test is often used to detect abnormal protein patterns, such as spikes in gamma globulins (seen in multiple myeloma) or low albumin levels (common in liver disease or malnutrition). It may also help monitor treatment progress for certain conditions.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm. The blood is then processed to separate serum (the liquid part after clotting) for analysis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on clinical context.

Common Conditions Evaluated

SPEP is commonly used to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, bone pain, or recurrent infections. It may also be part of routine monitoring for chronic diseases like kidney disease or autoimmune disorders.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

SPEP

Frequently asked questions

How long does it take to get SPEP results?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your healthcare provider will discuss findings with you during a follow-up visit.
Can SPEP results be affected by diet or medications?
Dietary changes or certain medications (e.g., steroids) may influence protein levels, so inform your provider about any supplements or medications you’re taking.
What does an abnormal SPEP result mean?
An abnormal SPEP may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma (spikes in M proteins), liver disease (reduced albumin), or chronic inflammation. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and medical history.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy