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Cytology (Vaginal) - Cell Examination

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

A vaginal smear is a simple test to examine cells collected from your vagina. It helps check for abnormalities that might indicate infections, inflammation, or early signs of conditions like cervical cancer.

Quick summary

["This test can help detect early changes in your vaginal cells that may need further evaluation by a healthcare provider."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
19763-2
Short code
Specimen source Cvx/Vag Cyto
Synonyms
Specimen source Cvx/Vag Cyto
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
cyto-stain
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Is a Vaginal Smear Used For?

Vaginal smears are primarily used to screen for cervical cancer (Pap test), monitor changes in the vaginal environment, and diagnose infections or inflammatory conditions. They may also be part of routine pelvic exams or follow-up care for certain health conditions.

How Is the Test Performed?

During a vaginal smear, a healthcare provider gently collects cells from your vagina using a brush or spatula. A small sample of fluid is also sometimes taken. The cells are then spread on a microscope slide and examined under a microscope for abnormalities.

Preparation for the Test

You may need to avoid sexual activity, douching, or using vaginal products (like creams or sprays) for 24–48 hours before the test. Avoiding tampons or menstrual bleeding on the day of the test can also help ensure accurate results.

What Happens Next?

After the sample is collected, it is sent to a lab for analysis. Results are typically reviewed by a pathologist or cytologist, who examines the cells for any irregularities. Results may take several days to weeks to receive, depending on lab processing times.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Vaginal Smear Cytology

Frequently asked questions

Why might my healthcare provider recommend this test?
Your provider may recommend a vaginal smear if you have symptoms like unusual vaginal discharge, itching, or bleeding; if you’re at higher risk for cervical cancer (e.g., due to age or medical history); or as part of routine screening (e.g., Pap test). It can also help monitor conditions like bacterial vaginosis or yeast infections.
What do abnormal results mean?
Abnormal results may indicate infections (e.g., trichomoniasis, chlamydia), inflammation, or precancerous changes in cells. These findings often require further testing or follow-up with your healthcare provider to determine the best course of action.
How often should I get this test?
The frequency depends on your age, medical history, and healthcare provider’s recommendations. For example, Pap tests (a type of vaginal smear) are often recommended every 3–5 years for women aged 21–65, but guidelines vary by country and individual risk factors.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy