Sperm Motility Test (Quantitative, 24-Hour Semen Analysis)

Why This Test Matters for Fertility

Sperm motility is a critical factor in male fertility. Healthy sperm must move efficiently to navigate the female reproductive tract. Low motility can indicate problems with sperm quality, such as poor sperm count, shape, or overall health. This test helps doctors determine if sperm are moving properly, which can guide treatment options like assisted reproductive technologies or lifestyle adjustments.

What to Expect Before the Test

You’ll provide a semen sample (usually collected by masturbation into a sterile container) after abstaining from ejaculation for 2–5 days. The sample is then analyzed to measure how many sperm are moving and in what direction. The test is quick and painless but requires a clean, private setting for collection.

How the Test Works

The test involves examining a semen sample under a microscope to count and assess the movement of sperm. Specialized software or manual methods may be used to quantify forward progression, non-progressive movement, and immobility. Results are often expressed as a percentage of motile sperm.

Possible Causes of Low Motility

Low sperm motility can stem from genetic factors, infections, hormonal imbalances, exposure to toxins (like chemicals or alcohol), or underlying conditions like varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum). Lifestyle choices—such as smoking, excessive alcohol, or poor diet—may also play a role.