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Sperm Morphology Analysis (Small Oval Head Count)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test evaluates the proportion of sperm cells with small, oval-shaped heads, which may indicate potential fertility issues or other reproductive health concerns.

Quick summary

["Assessing sperm head shape can help identify fertility problems or underlying conditions affecting sperm quality."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
10627-8
Short code
Sperm Small Oval Head NFr Smn
Synonyms
Sperm Small Oval Head NFr Smn
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
1.5
Ref high
9
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
83002
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

Sperm morphology is a key factor in male fertility. Abnormal sperm shapes, including small oval heads, can reduce sperm motility and viability, making it harder for sperm to reach and fertilize an egg. This test helps doctors diagnose conditions like varicocele, genetic disorders, or exposure to toxins that may affect sperm development.

What to Expect During the Test

You’ll provide a semen sample (collected via masturbation or medical stimulation) in a sterile container. The sample is then examined under a microscope to count and classify sperm shapes, including small oval heads, according to strict World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.

Sample Collection and Preparation

The test requires a fresh semen sample, typically collected within 2–7 days of testing. The lab processes the sample to separate sperm from other fluids, then analyzes the shape and count of sperm heads under high magnification.

Interpreting Results

Results are expressed as a percentage of sperm with normal shapes (including small oval heads) out of the total sperm count. A lower percentage may suggest fertility challenges, but individual results depend on broader sperm health factors like motility and concentration.

Reference range

Follicular: 1.5-9.0 mIU/mLN/A

Specimen: serum

For females: inform if menstrual cycle status. For certain tests, timing within menstrual cycle may matter.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Sperm Head Shape Check

Frequently asked questions

What does a low percentage of small oval-headed sperm mean?
A low count of small oval-headed sperm could indicate subfertility or infertility, but it’s not the only factor. Other sperm abnormalities (e.g., motility, count) and underlying causes (e.g., hormonal imbalances, infections) should also be evaluated. This test is often part of a broader fertility assessment.
How often should I get this test?
If you’re experiencing fertility issues, your doctor may recommend this test as part of an initial evaluation. If results are abnormal, follow-up tests (e.g., hormone levels, genetic screening) may be needed. Regular check-ups for men with known fertility risks (e.g., smoking, varicocele) may also include this test.
Can lifestyle changes affect sperm morphology?
Yes. Smoking, excessive alcohol, heat exposure (e.g., tight underwear, hot tubs), and certain medications can impair sperm development. Maintaining a healthy diet, managing stress, and avoiding toxins may improve sperm quality over time.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy