Bone Mineral Density by Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) of the Spine and Femur

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may recommend this scan if you have risk factors for osteoporosis, such as being postmenopausal, having a family history of osteoporosis, or experiencing conditions that weaken bones (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis). It’s also used to monitor bone health in people taking medications that affect bone density or those with chronic health conditions like kidney disease or hyperparathyroidism.

What to Expect During the Test

You’ll lie on a table while a low-dose X-ray device passes over your spine and hips. The scan takes about 10–20 minutes. No preparation is needed, but wear loose clothing and remove any metal objects (like jewelry or belts). The radiation used is very safe and does not affect future pregnancies.

Preparation and Safety

No special preparation is required, but inform your provider if you’re pregnant, have a pacemaker, or are taking certain medications (e.g., steroids). If you have a history of severe allergies or claustrophobia, let your provider know, as some patients may need sedation or alternative imaging techniques.

Interpreting Results

Results are compared to a reference database to determine your bone mineral density (BMD) in units like grams per square centimeter. A lower BMD indicates higher risk of fractures, but interpretation depends on your age, sex, and overall health. Your provider will discuss findings with you.