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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the distribution of different protein types in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a technique that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["This simple blood test helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
51408-3
Short code
S pneum CPS IgG2 Ser IA-mCnc
Synonyms
S pneum CPS IgG2 Ser IA-mCnc
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main bands: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins (immunoglobulins). Each band reflects the concentration and type of proteins present, which can vary with health conditions.

How the Test Works

A small blood sample is drawn and placed in a gel or paper medium. An electric current is applied, causing proteins to migrate toward the positive electrode. The resulting bands are then stained and visualized to assess protein distribution.

Common Uses

This test is often used to diagnose or monitor conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, or immune system disorders like lupus or rheumatoid arthritis.

When You Might Need It

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, frequent infections, or if they suspect a protein-related disorder. It’s also used as part of routine monitoring for certain chronic conditions.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Qualitative Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

What does an abnormal result mean?
An abnormal electrophoresis pattern may indicate an excess of certain proteins (e.g., monoclonal spikes in multiple myeloma) or a deficiency in others (e.g., low albumin in liver disease). These changes can help guide treatment decisions and track disease progression.
How often should I get this test?
The frequency depends on your medical condition and treatment plan. Your doctor will determine how often to repeat this test based on your specific situation, such as monitoring for cancer recurrence or managing chronic liver disease.
Can I eat or drink anything before this test?
No special preparation is usually needed. However, avoid alcohol for 24 hours before the test, as it may affect protein levels. Follow any specific instructions your doctor provides.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy