Protein Electrophoresis, Serum/Plasma (Qualitative or Semi-Quantitative)

What Proteins Does This Test Measure?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins based on size and electrical charge, revealing distinct bands corresponding to albumin, globulins (including immunoglobulins), and other fractions. This qualitative or semi-quantitative approach highlights imbalances that may not be visible in routine blood tests.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test to investigate symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swelling, or signs of organ dysfunction. It’s also used to monitor conditions like multiple myeloma, amyloidosis, or chronic liver/kidney disease where protein patterns shift over time.

Common Conditions Detected

Abnormal bands or shifts in protein levels can signal conditions such as multiple myeloma (excess monoclonal proteins), liver disease (reduced albumin), or kidney disease (proteinuria). It may also detect rare disorders like paraproteinemia or systemic amyloidosis.

Sample Collection and Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm. The blood is processed to separate serum or plasma, then applied to a gel where an electric current separates proteins by size and charge. Results are interpreted visually or numerically based on the lab’s method.