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Serum Immunoassay for Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA) Profile (P-ANCA and C-ANCA)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This blood test measures specific antibodies (ANCA) that may indicate an autoimmune condition affecting your blood vessels, such as vasculitis.

Quick summary

["ANCA antibodies can help diagnose certain inflammatory diseases and guide treatment decisions."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
86015-5
Short code
S pneum Da 17F IgG 2:1 Ser-Rto
Synonyms
S pneum Da 17F IgG 2:1 Ser-Rto
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
CPT
82784
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What Does This Test Measure?

The test detects two main types of ANCA antibodies: **P-ANCA** (perinuclear) and **C-ANCA** (cytoplasmic). These antibodies target proteins in neutrophils (white blood cells) and are linked to conditions like Wegener’s granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis. The results help determine if you have an autoimmune-related vasculitis.

Why Might You Need This Test?

Your doctor may order this test if you have symptoms such as persistent sinusitis, kidney problems, skin rashes, or unexplained joint pain, especially if other tests suggest an inflammatory or autoimmune condition.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein in your arm. The serum (liquid part of blood) is then tested using an immunoassay method to detect ANCA antibodies. Results are qualitative (positive or negative) or semi-quantitative, indicating antibody presence but not exact levels.

What Are Possible Results?

Positive results suggest a higher likelihood of ANCA-related vasculitis, but they do not confirm the diagnosis alone. Additional tests and clinical evaluation are needed to confirm the condition and guide treatment.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

ANCA antibodies are strongly associated with certain types of vasculitis, which involve inflammation of blood vessels. Detecting these antibodies helps doctors diagnose conditions like Wegener’s granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis, or Churg-Strauss syndrome. Early identification can lead to timely treatment to prevent organ damage.

Short name

ANCA Antibody Test

Frequently asked questions

What Does a Positive Test Mean?
A positive test means your blood contains ANCA antibodies, which may indicate an autoimmune condition affecting your blood vessels. However, this alone does not confirm a diagnosis. Your doctor will review your symptoms, medical history, and other test results to make a full assessment.
Can ANCA Antibodies Be Treated?
While ANCA antibodies themselves are not directly treated, the underlying vasculitis condition is managed with medications like corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or other therapies to reduce inflammation and prevent complications.
How Often Should I Get This Test?
Your doctor will determine the frequency of testing based on your symptoms, treatment plan, and response to therapy. Follow-up tests may be needed if you have ongoing signs of inflammation or disease activity.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy