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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 17, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood serum using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["Helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 17, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
86181-5
Short code
S pneum Da 9N Ab 1:2 Ser IA-Rto
Synonyms
S pneum Da 9N Ab 1:2 Ser IA-Rto
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
200
Ref high
900
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
ia
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands, each representing different protein groups (e.g., albumin, globulins). This qualitative test doesn’t provide exact quantities but helps detect shifts in protein distribution that may indicate underlying health issues.

Common Conditions Evaluated

This test is often used to screen for conditions like multiple myeloma (cancer of plasma cells), chronic liver disease, or inflammatory disorders. Abnormal bands may suggest elevated or depleted protein fractions linked to these conditions.

Sample Preparation and Testing Process

A blood sample is drawn, and serum is separated. The sample is then applied to a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate toward the opposite charge. A visual pattern is created to assess protein distribution.

When You Might Need This Test

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like unexplained weight loss, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, or signs of organ dysfunction (e.g., liver or kidney issues). It’s also part of routine monitoring for certain chronic conditions.

Reference range

NCBI: Vitamin B12 200-900 pg/mLN/A

Specimen: serum

No special preparation usually required. Stay well hydrated. Inform your healthcare provider of all medications and supplements you are taking.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Qual Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

Why was this test ordered?
Your provider may have noticed symptoms or lab results suggesting abnormal protein levels, such as high or low albumin, unusual globulin patterns, or signs of a systemic condition like multiple myeloma or cirrhosis. This test helps confirm or rule out these possibilities by showing how proteins are distributed in your blood.
What do abnormal results mean?
Abnormal patterns may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma (where abnormal proteins called M-spikes appear), liver disease (reduced albumin), or chronic inflammation (elevated acute-phase proteins). Always discuss results with your healthcare provider, as interpretation depends on your full medical picture.
How long will results take?
Results are typically available within 24 to 48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Your provider will review them with you during your follow-up appointment.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 17, 2026. · Read our editorial policy