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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge. It helps identify abnormalities in protein distribution, which can indicate conditions like multiple myeloma, liver disease, or other disorders.

Quick summary

["Electrophoresis helps doctors spot unusual protein patterns that may signal hidden health issues."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
105063-2
Short code
S pyo Spec Ql
Synonyms
S pyo Spec Ql
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into five main bands: albumin, alpha-1 globulins, alpha-2 globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins. Each band represents different protein types, and their proportions can reveal underlying health concerns.

Why It’s Done

Doctors order this test to diagnose or monitor conditions affecting protein levels, such as infections, cancers (like multiple myeloma), liver or kidney disease, or immune system disorders. It’s also used to check for abnormal protein spikes that might not be detected by routine blood tests.

Sample Preparation

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in the arm. The serum (liquid part of blood after clotting) is then prepared for electrophoresis. No special preparation is needed, but fasting may be advised depending on your doctor’s instructions.

What to Expect

The procedure takes about 15–30 minutes. You may feel slight discomfort at the needle site, but it’s usually over quickly. Results are typically ready within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing times.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Qual Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

How long will I need to wait for results?
Results are usually available within 1–2 business days, but this can vary by lab. Your doctor will discuss them with you during your follow-up visit.
What does a high or low protein band mean?
High levels in certain bands (e.g., gamma globulins) may indicate immune system issues or cancers, while low albumin could signal liver or kidney problems. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your overall health.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
No special diet is required, but always follow your doctor’s instructions. If fasting is advised, avoid food and liquids (except water) for 8–12 hours before the test.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy