Serum or Plasma Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) Concentration

What Is Alpha-1 Antitrypsin?

Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (A1AT) is a protein that plays a critical role in preventing lung and liver damage. It works by neutralizing enzymes that can break down healthy tissue during inflammation. Low levels of A1AT can increase the risk of lung diseases like emphysema and liver diseases such as cirrhosis.

Why Might This Test Be Ordered?

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms of lung problems (such as chronic coughing, shortness of breath), liver issues (like jaundice or unexplained fatigue), or a family history of A1AT deficiency. It’s also used to monitor treatment progress in certain conditions.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein, usually in your arm. The blood is then processed to separate the serum or plasma, where the A1AT protein is measured using a specialized laboratory technique.

What Do Results Mean?

Results may be below, at, or above normal ranges depending on your health status. Low levels could indicate a genetic deficiency or conditions affecting liver function, while higher levels might be seen in certain inflammatory states. Your doctor will interpret results in the context of your medical history and symptoms.