Syphilis Neurological Involvement Screening (Neuro-Syphilis Antibody Test)

Why This Test Is Done

Your healthcare provider may order this test if you have symptoms like severe headaches, confusion, numbness, or weakness in your arms/legs, especially if you have a history of syphilis or risk factors (e.g., unprotected sex, IV drug use). They may also recommend it if you’re pregnant or have a condition that weakens your immune system.

What to Expect Before the Test

A small amount of cerebrospinal fluid is collected through a procedure called a lumbar puncture (spinal tap). You’ll lie on your side and may feel pressure or mild discomfort during the needle insertion. The fluid is then tested for syphilis antibodies.

What the Test Results Mean

Positive results suggest the presence of syphilis-related antibodies in your CSF, which may indicate active neurological involvement. Negative results mean no detectable antibodies in this sample, but syphilis could still be present elsewhere in your body.

Common Symptoms of Neurological Syphilis

Symptoms may include persistent headaches, blurred vision, memory problems, numbness, muscle weakness, or neurological issues like seizures. These can develop months or years after initial infection if untreated.