Serum/plasma mass concentration of protein by electrophoresis (e.g., albumin/globulin profile)

What Proteins Are Measured?

Electrophoresis separates blood proteins into distinct bands based on their electrical charge and size. Key proteins typically identified include albumin (the most abundant protein, usually appearing as the fastest-moving band) and globulins (divided into subgroups like alpha, beta, and gamma globulins). These bands can shift if protein production or breakdown is abnormal.

Why This Test Matters in Blood Health

Abnormal protein patterns may signal conditions like liver disease (reduced albumin), immune disorders (elevated gamma globulins), or kidney problems (protein loss). For example, a low albumin level might indicate malnutrition or liver dysfunction, while unusual globulin bands could hint at chronic inflammation or autoimmune diseases.

Common Conditions Evaluated

This test is often used alongside other blood tests to investigate symptoms like fatigue, swelling, or unexplained weight loss. It may also guide decisions about treatments for conditions like multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells) or certain autoimmune diseases.

Sample Preparation and Testing Process

Your blood sample is drawn and processed into serum or plasma. The sample is then placed in an electric field, causing proteins to migrate toward the opposite charge. After separation, the bands are visualized and quantified to determine protein concentrations.