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Serum Protein Electrophoresis (Qualitative)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood using electrophoresis, a method that separates proteins based on size and charge.

Quick summary

["Electrophoresis helps identify abnormal protein patterns that may signal conditions like multiple myeloma or liver disease."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
50681-6
Short code
T4BP pattern SerPl Elph-Imp
Synonyms
T4BP pattern SerPl Elph-Imp
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Ref low
4.5
Ref high
12
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
electrophoresis
CPT
84436
SNOMED
302345006
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

What This Test Measures

Electrophoresis splits blood proteins into distinct bands (albumin, alpha, beta, and gamma globulins) based on their electrical charge. Each band represents a group of proteins with similar properties. Abnormal bands may indicate conditions affecting protein production or function.

How the Test Works

A serum sample is drawn from a vein, typically in the arm. The sample is then processed in a lab to separate proteins for analysis. Results are qualitative, meaning they describe patterns rather than specific numeric values.

Why It’s Done

Symptoms that might prompt this test include persistent swelling, unexplained fever, or changes in blood test results that suggest abnormal protein levels. It’s not a routine screening test but may be part of a broader diagnostic workup.

Preparation and Sample Collection

No special preparation is needed, but you may be asked to fast for 8–12 hours before the test if instructed by your provider. The blood draw is quick and typically painless. Avoid strenuous activity or caffeine 24 hours before the test to ensure accurate results.

Reference range

Adult: 4.5-12.0 μg/dLN/A

Specimen: serum

Take your thyroid medication after the blood draw if applicable. No fasting required.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Frequently asked questions

What does a ‘spiked’ or ‘abnormal’ band mean?
A ‘spiked’ band (extra band) may indicate a monoclonal protein, often seen in multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders. Abnormal patterns could also suggest liver disease, infections, or inflammatory conditions. Your healthcare provider will interpret results in the context of your symptoms and other tests.
How long does it take to get results?
Results are typically available within 24–48 hours, depending on lab processing times. Follow-up with your provider is needed to discuss findings and next steps, as interpretation depends on your medical history and symptoms.
Can I eat or drink before this test?
Generally, no fasting is required unless your provider specifies otherwise. However, avoid heavy meals or excessive caffeine 24 hours before the test to minimize potential interference with protein separation.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy