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Paraprotein (Monoclonal Protein) Detection in Serum or Plasma by Immunofixation Electrophoresis

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test checks for abnormal protein spikes in your blood that may indicate conditions like multiple myeloma or other monoclonal gammopathies.

Quick summary

["Looks for unusual protein patterns that could signal hidden blood disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
52135-1
Short code
t(ABL1,BCR) detect Pnl Bld/T
Synonyms
t(ABL1,BCR) detect Pnl Bld/T
Category
coagulation
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Method
molgen
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Matters

Monoclonal proteins (also called M proteins) are abnormal antibodies produced by a single type of white blood cell. These can build up in your bloodstream and may cause health problems like bone pain, kidney issues, or infections. This test helps identify if they’re present, guiding further evaluation if needed.

How the Test Works

Your blood sample is separated into different protein fractions using electrophoresis. Immunofixation then confirms if any proteins are monoclonal (unique to one type of cell). This method is highly sensitive for detecting small amounts of abnormal proteins.

Common Conditions Linked to Monoclonal Proteins

High levels of monoclonal proteins are often found in conditions such as multiple myeloma (a cancer of plasma cells), Waldenström macroglobulinemia (a rare blood cancer), or benign monoclonal gammopathies (non-cancerous protein spikes). Early detection can help manage symptoms and treatment plans.

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed, but you may be asked to fast for 8–12 hours before the blood draw if your doctor specifies it. Wear a comfortable shirt for easy access to your arm.

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

Clinical Significance

Short name

Monoclonal Protein Screen

Frequently asked questions

What does a positive result mean?
A positive result means your blood contains abnormal monoclonal proteins. This doesn’t always mean cancer, but it warrants further testing (like a bone marrow biopsy or additional bloodwork) to determine the cause. Your doctor will discuss next steps based on your symptoms and test results.
How often should I get this test?
The frequency depends on your health history and symptoms. If you have a known condition like multiple myeloma, your doctor may recommend regular monitoring. If you’re asymptomatic, this test may not be routine unless you have a family history of blood disorders.
Can I eat or drink before the test?
Typically, no fasting is required unless instructed by your doctor. However, always follow your healthcare provider’s specific instructions for the best accuracy.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy