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Protein Electrophoresis (Serum)

Published: August 9, 2026Updated: August 16, 2026

This test measures the different types of proteins in your blood, including albumin and globulins, to help identify abnormalities in protein distribution.

Quick summary

["It helps diagnose conditions like kidney disease, liver problems, or certain blood disorders."]

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial TeamLast reviewed August 16, 2026Editorial policy

Key facts at a glance

LOINC
80400-5
Short code
Testing facility Pnl
Synonyms
Testing facility Pnl
Category
chemistry
Sample
serum
Container
Red-top tube (SST)
Units
N/A
Fasting
false
Population
adult
Sex
all
Age range
18–65 years
Specimen volume
5 mL
Stability
Room temperature: 4h, Refrigerated: 24h, Frozen: 7d
Hemolysis max
500
Lipemia max
1000
Icterus max
500
TAT
4–24 hours
Order
routine

Why This Test Is Done

Your doctor may order this test to check for conditions affecting protein levels, such as kidney disease (e.g., nephrotic syndrome), liver disease, or multiple myeloma. It can also help monitor treatment progress or detect hidden protein loss in urine (proteinuria).

What to Expect Before the Test

No special preparation is needed. You’ll provide a blood sample, usually drawn from your arm. If you’re on blood thinners, let your doctor know before the test to avoid unusual bleeding.

What the Test Results Mean

Results show the proportion of different protein types, such as albumin (which keeps blood vessels healthy) and globulins (which include antibodies and transport proteins). Abnormal patterns may indicate inflammation, infections, or organ dysfunction.

Common Conditions Linked to This Test

High or low levels of specific proteins can signal conditions like chronic kidney disease, autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), or metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes).

Clinical interpretation

How abnormal results are interpreted and what conditions they suggest.

◆Associated findings1

Short name

Serum Protein Electrophoresis

Frequently asked questions

How can I prepare for this test if I’m on medications?
Tell your healthcare provider about all medications, including blood thinners (e.g., warfarin, aspirin), as they may affect blood clotting and could require adjustments before the test. Avoid taking certain supplements (like vitamin E) 24 hours before if instructed by your doctor.
What does it mean if my protein levels are abnormal?
Abnormal results don’t have a single cause. For example, low albumin might suggest kidney disease or malnutrition, while unusual protein bands could indicate conditions like multiple myeloma or liver disease. Your doctor will discuss findings with you and may recommend follow-up tests.
How often should I get this test?
Frequency depends on your health status. If you have a chronic condition (e.g., kidney disease), your doctor may order this test regularly to monitor progress. If you’re healthy, it’s usually only done if symptoms or risk factors (e.g., diabetes, family history) suggest it’s needed.
  1. 1
    MedlinePlus — Laboratory TestsSource
  2. 2
    Lab Tests OnlineSource
  3. 3
    Mayo Clinic — Tests & ProceduresSource

Click any link to access the full source. PubMed Central (PMC) links provide free full-text access.

This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.

Medical Disclaimer

This content is for general informational and educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider with any questions you have about a medical condition, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay seeking it because of something you read here.

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your local emergency number or go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Medically reviewed by WellAlly Editorial Team Last reviewed August 16, 2026. · Read our editorial policy