Microscopic examination of urine sediment (microscopic urinalysis)

This section explains exactly what the test is designed to detect, including the specific substances, cells, or markers it measures and what each result can tell your doctor about your overall health.

Your urine sample is examined under a microscope to identify and count specific elements, including red blood cells, white blood cells, bacteria, crystals, casts, and other particles. These can indicate conditions like urinary tract infections, kidney disease, or kidney stones.

Here you will find an overview of the results most often seen with this test, along with the everyday factors, minor illnesses, and more serious conditions that may help explain an unusual or abnormal finding.

Red blood cells (hematuria) may suggest kidney damage, urinary tract infections, or bladder stones. White blood cells (pyuria) often point to infections. Crystals or casts could indicate kidney stones or chronic kidney disease.

Learn what you need to do before the test, such as adjusting fluids, foods, or medications, and walk through how the sample is collected step by step so you know exactly what to expect during your visit.

No special preparation is needed, but you should avoid using certain medications or supplements that might affect the results. Collect a midstream urine sample in a clean container for microscopic analysis.

Your doctor may recommend this test if you have certain symptoms, if a routine checkup calls for it, or if you need ongoing monitoring for a condition you already have; this section covers the most common reasons it is ordered.

Your healthcare provider may recommend this test if you have symptoms like frequent urination, pain while urinating, blood in urine, or if you have a history of kidney or urinary tract issues.