Total Protein in Serum or Plasma (with Electrophoresis Separation)

What Does This Test Measure?

Total protein includes albumin and globulins, which are essential for maintaining blood pressure, transporting nutrients, and supporting immune function. Electrophoresis separates these proteins into distinct bands, allowing for qualitative assessment of their proportions. This method helps detect conditions like liver disease, kidney problems, or immune disorders that may alter protein levels or distribution.

Why Might Your Doctor Order This Test?

Your doctor may recommend this test if they suspect conditions affecting protein synthesis, breakdown, or transport—such as liver disease (e.g., cirrhosis), kidney disease, or certain autoimmune disorders. It’s also used in monitoring conditions like multiple myeloma or other blood-related disorders.

How Is This Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn, and the serum or plasma is separated. The sample is then applied to a gel and subjected to an electric current, causing proteins to migrate based on their size and charge. After staining, the bands are analyzed to estimate protein concentrations.

What Are Common Findings?

Abnormal results may show elevated or low total protein levels, or altered band patterns. For example, low albumin could indicate liver or kidney disease, while high globulin levels might suggest chronic inflammation or infection.